Long Term Egg Cryopreservation: Preserving Fertility for the Future

Egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation, is a revolutionary method for preserving women’s reproductive potential. This article explores the process, benefits, and considerations of long-term egg cryopreservation, providing comprehensive insights for women considering this option.

Egg freezing offers women the opportunity to preserve their fertility and provides greater reproductive freedom. Understanding the process, benefits, and risks is crucial for making informed decisions. For personalized advice and to determine if egg freezing is right for you, consult with your fertility specialist.

  • What is Egg Freezing?
  • Who Should Consider Egg Freezing?
  • Success Rates and Considerations:
  • Risks and Costs:

What is Egg Freezing?

What is Egg Freezing?

Egg freezing involves extracting, freezing, and storing a woman’s eggs to preserve reproductive potential. Since the first birth from a frozen oocyte in 1986, the procedure has significantly advanced, with higher success rates of eggs surviving the freezing process. It is no longer experimental and is a leading tool for improving gamete survival, possible fertilization, and live birth rates.

Modern life often involves complex career and personal decisions that may lead women to delay childbearing. Egg freezing offers a way to extend the timeframe for having children, allowing women to balance their professional and personal lives without as much pressure related to biological age. It is also used for women who are undergoing medical treatments that may affect their fertility, such as chemotherapy

Who Should Consider Egg Freezing?

Who Should Consider Egg Freezing?

Egg freezing can be beneficial for:

  • Women undergoing chemotherapy or pelvic radiation therapy
  • Those with a risk of premature ovarian failure due to conditions like Turner syndrome or a family history of early menopause
  • Women with genetic mutations such as BRCA
  • Individuals wanting to postpone childbearing for personal or social reasons

Success Rates and Considerations:

Success Rates and Considerations:

  • Clinical pregnancy rates per oocyte range between 4-12%
  • Success depends on the woman’s age at the time of freezing and the number of eggs available
  • No increased risk of congenital abnormalities from frozen oocytes compared to fresh
  • Long-term storage appears safe, but eggs can be stored for up to four years

Risks and Costs:

Risks and Costs:

  • Similar risks to IVF ovarian stimulation, including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, infection, and bleeding
  • Costs vary based on insurance coverage, which often includes initial evaluation and part of the treatment
  • Higher maternal age at pregnancy increases the risk of complications like high blood pressure, diabetes, and C-section

Procedure

The Egg Freezing Process: 

1Initial Screening:

  • Blood tests for ovarian reserve, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol levels
  • Ovarian ultrasound to assess function
  • Screening for infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis B and C

2Ovarian Stimulation:
  • Injectable hormone medications stimulate the ovaries

  • Monitoring through blood tests and ultrasounds to determine correct medication dosage.
3Egg Retrieval:
  • Performed vaginally under sedation

  • Eggs examined for maturity and mature eggs are cryopreserved using vitrification (rapid cooling with liquid nitrogen)
4Post-Retrieval Care:
  • Resume routine activities within a week
  • Avoid unplanned pregnancy and unprotected intercourse
  • Contact healthcare provider for fever, abdominal discomfort, urination problems, or heavy vaginal bleeding

 

5Using Frozen Eggs:
  • Thawed eggs are fertilized using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

  • Fertilized eggs cultured into embryos ready for uterine transfer within three to five days
  • Long Term Egg Cryopreservation - An overview

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)

Certainly! Here’s the revised version:

The term “vitrification” is derived from the Latin word “vitreus,” which means glass-like. This name reflects the process’s ability to preserve cells in a glassy state, avoiding the formation of damaging ice crystals.

Oocytes, embryos, or sperm are gradually introduced to a series of cryoprotectant solutions. These cryoprotectants are substances designed to safeguard the cells during freezing by dehydrating them and significantly lowering the risk of ice crystal formation.

The dehydration process is carefully regulated to ensure that water is removed from the cells in a balanced way, preventing osmotic shock, which could otherwise damage the cellular structure.

Once the oocytes, sperm, or embryos are sufficiently dehydrated, they are rapidly submerged in liquid nitrogen. This plunges them into an extremely rapid cooling process (up to 23,000°C per minute), transforming the cellular fluids into a solid, glass-like state without ice crystal formation.

The temperature then drops to approximately -196°C, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. At this ultra-low temperature, all metabolic activity within the cells is halted, allowing them to be preserved indefinitely in their current state.

Eggs can be stored indefinitely , for as long as you wish although in most cases they are stored in average for 30 years.

As women age, the quantity and quality of their eggs decline. By freezing eggs at a younger age, women can preserve their fertility potential, giving them the opportunity to conceive later in life when they might otherwise face challenges. After eggs are retrieved from your body and frozen using specialized techniques in a dedicated lab, they stop aging. This means your healthy, high-quality eggs remain in the same condition as when they were frozen, allowing you to use them to conceive later in life, even when finding healthy eggs might otherwise be difficult.

The maximum effect of your medications typically occurs around 7-10 days after the procedure. After this period, your ovaries will gradually decrease in size and return to their normal state by the time of your next menstrual cycle. Your period is expected to resume about 14 days after the egg retrieval.

The number of eggs you should freeze depends on various factors, with age being the most significant. Your age at the time of freezing is the best indicator of the genetic quality of your eggs. While there’s no guaranteed number that ensures a successful pregnancy in the future, women aged 34 or younger generally have a high chance of achieving at least one successful pregnancy with around 10 frozen eggs. For women aged 35 to 38, aiming for about 15 eggs is recommended. For women over 38, data is less definitive, so it’s prudent to aim for freezing 20 eggs or more to maximize your chances.

It varies based on several factors. Generally, younger women tend to be able to freeze a higher number of eggs in a single cycle and are more likely to have a higher percentage of genetically healthy eggs, so they may need fewer cycles to reach their goal. Many younger women achieve their egg freezing target in just one cycle, whereas older women often require multiple cycles. During your consultation, our doctors will provide an estimate of how many eggs you can expect to freeze in one cycle.

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